ASSIST Publications

2025

2024

• Sachintha De Vas Gunawardena, Nadarajah Narendran; 2024. Modeling LED driver lifespan through capacitor degradation due to thermal cycling. Microelectronics Reliability, Volume 162, November 2024, 115506.

2023

• De Vas Gunawardena, A.P.S. 2023. LED Driver Useful Life: New Research on Multiple Component Degradation and Their Effects on Driver Life.LD+A: Lighting Design & Application, May 2023.

• Freyssinier, J.P., I.U. Perera, N. Narendran, and A. Udage. 2023. Photobleaching of transparent photopolymer resins for use in LED lighting optical elements.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: PC1267001 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676984.

• Kose, A. I.U. Perera, N. Narendran, J.P. Freyssinier, and F. Mostafa. 2023. Insulation properties of 3D-printed components for use in interior building panels.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267008 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676863.

• Narendran, N., and J. Taylor. 2023. Recent advancements in 3D printing of lighting components and systems.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267001 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676379.

• Perera, I.U., J.P. Freyssinier, N. Narendran, and A. Udage. 2023. 3D-printed refractive secondary optics for LED lighting.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267003 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2679198.

• Perera, I.U., N. Narendran, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2023. 3D-printed heat sinks for thermal management of LED lighting.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267009 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676953.

• Perera, I.U., A. Udage, N. Narendran, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2023. Long-term performance of 3D-printed optics when exposed to thermal and optical radiation.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267006 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676923.

• Taylor, J., N. Narendran, A. Udage, and I. Perera. 2023. Novel lighting optics through 3D printing.LD+A: Lighting Design & Application, January 2023, pp. 46–49.

• Udage, A., H. Heath, and N. Narendran. 2023. Impact of ink deposition and trace path variations on 3D-printed antenna performance.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 126700D (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2678352.

• Zollers, M., I. Perera, J.P. Freyssinier, S. Mills, and C. Ring. 2023. Designing freeform luminaire optics for additive manufacturing: lessons learned.Proc. SPIE 12670, 3D Printing for Lighting: 1267005 (29 September 2023); doi: 10.1117/12.2676731.

  2022

• De Vas Gunawardena, S., A. Udage, I.U. Perera, and N. Narendran. 2022. Investigating current and temperature dependencies of UV-A light-emitting diodes. 2022 IES Annual Conference, August 18-20, New Orleans, LA.

• Perera, I.U., A.S. Udage, N. Narendran, J.P. Freyssinier, and J. Trublowski. 2022. Designing 3D-printed LED optics for optimizing target plane application efficacy.Proc. SPIE 12216, Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXV: 122160K (3 October 2022); doi: 10.1117/12.2633620.

• Taylor, J., and J.P. Freyssinier. 2022. Improving airport safety: New research on drone-based photometry.LD+A: Lighting Design & Application, May 2022, pp. 54–56.

• Taylor, J., N. Narendran, I. Perera, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2022. Custom architectural lighting through 3D printing.LD+A: Lighting Design & Application, January 2022, pp. 38–40.

• Udage, A.S., and N. Narendran. 2022. 3D printed internal cavity lens for illumination applications.Proc. SPIE 12216, Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXV: 122160L (3 October 2022); doi: 10.1117/12.2641775.

• Udage, A.S., and N. Narendran. 2022. Achieving multiple beam patterns using 3-D printable lens by altering the positioning of LEDs.Proc. SPIE 12217, Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXIII: 122170H (3 October 2022); doi: 10.1117/12.2633456.

• Udage, A.S., and N. Narendran. 2022. Optimizing 3D printable refractive spherical arrays for applicationspecific custom lenses.Proc. SPIE 12216, Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXV: 122160H (3 October 2022); doi: 10.1117/12.2632746.

• Udage, A., and N. Narendran. 2022. The benefits of 3D printed antennas in connected lighting systems. 2022 IES Annual Conference, August 18-20, New Orleans, LA.

  2021

• IEA 4E Solid State Lighting Annex. 2021. Literature Summary of Lifetime Testing of Light Emitting Diodes and LED Products. Prepared by the Lighting Research Center, June 4, 2021.

• Narendran, N., J.P. Freyssinier, I. Perera and J. Taylor. 2021. Two techniques: Identifying methods to better estimate LED product lifetime.LD+A: Lighting Design & Application, November 2021, pp. 22–24.

  2020

• Narendran, N., I. Perera, and J. Taylor. 2020. Innovations in additive manufacturing will drive the next lighting transformation. Lighting Magazine, October/November 2020, pp. 20-22.

• Narendran, N. and J. Taylor. 2020. 3D printing: Can it work for lighting? LD+A Magazine, April 2020, pp. 50-53.

  2019

• Perera, I.U., D.R. Thotagamuwa, J.P. Freyssinier, and N. Narendran. 2019. Characterization of a Power-over-Ethernet (PoE)-based LED lighting system.Proc. SPIE 10940, Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications, 109401K (2 April 2019); doi: 10.1117/12.2510019.

• Privitera, O., Y. Liu, I.U. Perera, J.P. Freyssinier, and N. Narendran. 2019. Optical properties of 3D printed reflective and transmissive components for use in LED lighting fixture applications. Proc. SPIE 10940, Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications, 109401X (2 April 2019); doi: 10.1117/12.2510063.

• Thotagamuwa, D.R., N. Narendran, Y. Liu, and X. Mou. 2019. A theoretical model for predicting LED product lifetime based on solder joint failure. Proc. SPIE 10940, Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications, 109401Q (1 April 2019); doi: 10.1117/12.2508001.

  2018

• Narendran, N., and I.U. Perera. 2018. Revolutionizing the Solid-State Lighting Industry with 3-D Printing.Troy, N.Y.: Lighting Research Center.

• Narendran, N., and I.U. Perera. 2018. Is 3-D printing the next frontier for the LED lighting industry?LEDs Magazine, 31 January 2018.

• Perera, I.U., and N. Narendran. 2018. Analysis of a remote phosphor layer heat sink to reduce phosphor operating temperature.International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 117: 211-222; available online 12 October 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.10.016.

• Perera, I.U., N. Narendran, and V. Terentyeva. 2018. Thermal characterization of three-dimensional printed components for light-emitting diode lighting system applications.Optical Engineering 57(4), 041411; doi: 10.1117/1.OE.57.4.041411.

  2017

• Bierman, A. 2017. A model for predicting stroboscopic flicker.Proceedings of the IES 2017 Annual Conference, August 10-12, Portland, Oregon.

• Mou, X., J.P. Freyssinier, N. Narendran, and J.D. Bullough. 2017. Preliminary evaluation of discomfort glare in organic light-emitting diode and edge-lit light-emitting diode lighting panels.Journal of Biomedical Optics 22(5): 055004; doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.22.5.055004.

• Mullaney, R. 2017. 5 projects in 5 pages.LD+A, July 2017, pp. 47–52.

• Narendran, N. 2017. Industry test standards must evolve to ensure accurate LED system life estimates.LEDs Magazine, May/June 2017, pp. 23–24.

• Narendran, N., Y. Liu, X. Mou, and D.R. Thotagamuwa. 2017. Predicting LED system life: A long-term study of the factors that determine performance and failure.Proceedings of the IES 2017 Annual Conference, August 10-12, Portland, Oregon.

• Narendran, N., I.U. Perera, X. Mou, and D.R. Thotagamuwa. 2017. Opportunities and challenges for 3-D printing of solid-state lighting systems.Proceedings of SPIE 10378, 16th International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, SPIE Optics + Photonics, San Diego, Calif., August 2017, Paper 10378-35.

• Terentyeva, V., I.U. Perera, and N. Narendran. 2017. Analyzing theoretical models for predicting thermal conductivity of composite materials for LED heat sink applications. Proceedings of the IES 2017 Annual Conference, August 10-12, Portland, Oregon.

  2016

• Bodington, D., A. Bierman, and N. Narendran. 2016. A flicker perception metric.Lighting Research and Technology 48(5): 624–641; doi: 10.1177/1477153515581006.

• Bullough, J.D.. 2016. LEDs for airfield lighting: A medley of human factors.International Airport Review 20(5): 34 –36.

• Bullough, J.D. and D. Marcus. 2016. Influence of flicker characteristics on stroboscopic effects.Lighting Research and Technology 48(7): 857–870; published online ahead of print 24 August 2015, doi: 10.1177/1477153515599566.

• Jayawardena, A., and N. Narendran. 2016. Analysis of electrical parameters of InGaN-based LED packages with aging.Microelectronics Reliability 66: 22–31.

• Mou, X., N. Narendran, Y. Zhu, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2016. Evaluation of OLED and edge-lit LED lighting panels.Proceedings of SPIE 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, 995403 (September 7, 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2240465.

• Narendran, N., J.P. Freyssinier, and Y. Zhu. 2016. Energy and user acceptability benefits from improved illuminance uniformity of parking lot illumination.Lighting Research and Technology, 48(7): 789–809; published online ahead of print 4 June 2015, doi:10.1177/1477153515587959.

• Narendran, N., Y. Liu, X. Mou, D.R. Thotagamuwa, and O.V. Madihe Eshwarage. 2016. Projecting LED product life based on application.Proceedings of SPIE 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, 99540G (September 14, 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2240464.

• Perera, I.U., and N. Narendran. 2016. Measuring the temperature of high-luminous exitance surfaces with infrared thermography in LED applications.Proceedings of SPIE 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, 99540K (September 7, 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2240650.

• Thotagamuwa, D.R., I.U. Perera, and N. Narendran. 2016. Remote monitoring of LED lighting system performance.Proceedings of SPIE 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, 99540I (September 7, 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2240463.

• Zhu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2016. A spectral measurement method for determining white OLED average junction temperatures.Proceedings of SPIE 9954, Fifteenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting and LED-based Illumination Systems, 995405 (September 22, 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2240424.

  2015

• Appaiah, P., N. Narendran, I.U. Perera, Y. Zhu, and Y. Liu. 2015. Effect of thermal stress and short-wavelength visible radiation on phosphor-embedded LED encapsulant degradation.Optical Materials 46: 6–11.
  Summary Poster

• Narendran, N. 2015. The Value Proposition: Collaboration Can Show Lighting’s Benefits.LD+A August 2015, pp. 20-24.

• Narendran, N., and J.P. Freyssinier. 2015.Field Test DELTA Snapshots: Benefits of Improved Uniformity with LED Parking Lot Lighting. Troy, N.Y.: Lighting Research Center.

• Narendran, N., and Y. Liu. 2015. LED life versus LED system life. In: SID ‘15 Digest of Technical Papers, paper 62-2, SID Display Week 2015: International Symposium, Seminar and Exhibition, May 31-June 5, 2015, San Jose, CA.

• Tan, J. and N. Narendran. 2015. Defining phosphor luminescence property requirements for white AC LED flicker reduction.Journal of Luminescence 167: 21 –26.

  2014

• Bullough, J.D. 2014. Can LEDs be seen in fog as well as incandescent lamps? Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Bullough, J.D. 2014. Matching LED and incandescent aviation signal brightness. Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Bullough, J.D., and N.P. Skinner. 2014. Can linear light sources be beneficial to pilots? Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Bullough, J.D., and N.P. Skinner. 2014. Do LEDs increase the accuracy of LED aviation signal light color identification by pilots with and without color-deficient vision? Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Bullough, J.D., J. Tan, N. Narendran, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2014. Understanding flicker in airfield lighting applications. Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Freyssinier, J.P. 2014. Airfield lighting: The long-term performance of LEDs.International Airport Review 18(2): 38–41.

• Mou, X., N. Narendran, Y. Zhu, and I.U. Perera. 2014. Optical and thermal performance of a remote phosphor plate.Proceedings of SPIE 9190: 91900Q.

• Narendran, N. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2014. How is the operational failure of LED fixtures identified?Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Perera, I.U., and N. Narendran. 2014. Mathematical model to analyze phosphor layer heat transfer of an LED system.Proceedings of SPIE 9190: 91900R.

• Perera, I.U., and N. Narendran. 2014. Understanding heat dissipation of a remote phosphor layer in an LED system. ITHERM 2014: The 14th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems, Lake Buena Vista, FL, May 27-30, 2014, 186–192.

• Radetsky, L.C., N.P. Skinner, N. Narendran, and J.D. Bullough. 2014. Can the intensity of LED-based runway guard lights be reduced? Proceedings of the 2014 FAA Worldwide Airport Technology Transfer Conference, Galloway, N.J., August 4-8, 2014.

• Rea, M.S., and J.P. Freyssinier. 2014. Color rendering: The forest and the trees. LS14: Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Lighting, pp. 429-432, June 22-27, 2014, Como, Italy.

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2014. White lighting: a provisional model for predicting perceived tint in "white" illumination.Color Research and Application 39(5): 466–479; doi: 10.1002/col.21837.

• Tan, J. and N. Narendran. 2014. An approach to reduce AC LED flicker.Journal of Light and Visual Environment 38: 6–11.

• Zhu, Y., N. Narendran, J. Tan, and X. Mou. 2014. An imaging-based photometric and colorimetric measurement method for characterizing OLED panels for lighting applications.Proceedings of SPIE 9190: 91900E.

  2013

• Bullough, J.D., N.P. Skinner, and K. Sweater Hickcox. 2013. Visual task performance and perceptions of lighting quality under flickering illumination.Journal of Light and Visual Environment 37(4): 189–193.

• Chen, K., and N. Narendran. 2013. Estimating the average junction temperature of AlGaInP LED arrays by spectral analysis.Microelectronics Reliability 53: 701–705; doi: 10.1016/j.microrel.2013.01.003.

• Freyssinier, J.P., and M.S. Rea. 2013. Class A color designation for light sources used in general illumination.Journal of Light and Visual Environment 37(2&3): 46 –50.

• Jayawardena, A., Y. Liu, and N. Narendran. 2013. Analysis of three different junction temperature estimations methods for AC LEDs.Solid-State Electronics 86: 11–16; doi: 10.1016/j.sse.2013.04.001.

• Jayawardena, A., D. Marcus, X. Prugue, and N. Narendran. 2013. Long-term lumen depreciation behavior and failure modes of multi-die array LEDs.Proceedings of SPIE 8835: 883510.

• Perera, I.U., N. Narendran, and Y. Liu. 2013. Accurate measurement of LED lens surface temperature.Proceedings of SPIE 8835: 883506.

• Perera, I.U., and N. Narendran. 2013. Thermal management of the remote phosphor layer in LED systems.Proceedings of SPIE 8835: 883504.

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2013. A proposed Class-A-colour designation of light sources used for general illumination. In: Proceedings of the 12th International AIC Colour Congress, vol. 4, pp. 1725–1728, July 8-12, 2013 New Castle Upon Tyne, UK: AIC.

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2013. White lighting.Color Research and Application 38(2): 82–92; doi: 10.1002/col.20738.

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2013. White lighting: a theoretical and empirical framework. In: Proceedings of the 12th International AIC Colour Congress, vol. 2, pp. 651–654, July 8-12, 2013 New Castle Upon Tyne, UK: AIC.
  Summary

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2013. White lighting for residential applications.Lighting Research and Technology 45(3): 331–344; first published March 27, 2012, doi: 10.1177/1477153512442936.
  Summary

• Sweater Hickcox, K., N. Narendran, J.D. Bullough, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2013. Effect of different coloured luminous surrounds on LED discomfort glare perception.Lighting Research and Technology 45(4): 464–475; doi:10.1177/1477153512474450.

• Tan, J., and N. Narendran. 2013. A driving scheme to reduce AC LED flicker.Proceedings of SPIE 8835: 88350O.

  2012

• Bullough, J. D., N. P. Skinner and K. Sweater Hickcox. 2012. Visual performance and perceived lighting quality under flickering illumination. Light Sources 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Lighting, June 24-29, 2012, Troy, New York, pp. 375–376. Sheffield, UK: Foundation for the Advancement of the Science and Technology of Light Sources.

• Bullough J.D., K. Sweater Hickcox, T.R. Klein, A. Lok, and N. Narendran. 2012. Detection and acceptability of stroboscopic effects from flicker.Lighting Research and Technology 44(4): 477–483.

• Freyssinier, J.P. and M.S. Rea. 2012. Class A color classification for light sources used in general illumination. Light Sources 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Lighting, June 24-29, 2012, Troy, New York, pp. 337–338. Sheffield, UK: Foundation for the Advancement of the Science and Technology of Light Sources.

• Narendran, N. 2012. Updating a legacy: Trading up Edison’s light bulb and electrical infrastructure. Light Sources 2012: Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Lighting, June 24-29, 2012, Troy, New York, pp. 3–7. Sheffield, UK: Foundation for the Advancement of the Science and Technology of Light Sources.

• Rea, M.S. and J.P. Freyssinier. 2012. The Class A color designation for light sources. In: Proceedings of Experiencing Light 2012: International Conference on the Effects of Light on Wellbeing (Eds. Y.A.W. de Kort, W.A. IJsselsteijn, M.Aarts, A. Haans, D. Lakens, K.C.H.J. Smolders, F. Beute, L. van Rijswijk).
  Summary

• Sweater Hickcox, K, N. Narendran, J.D. Bullough, J.P. Freyssinier. 2012. Effect of different colored background lighting on LED discomfort glare perception. Twelfth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 8484: 84840O.
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  2011

• Bullough J.D., K. Sweater Hickcox, T.R. Klein, and N. Narendran. 2011. Effects of flicker characteristics from solid-state lighting on detection, acceptability and comfort.Lighting Research and Technology 43(3): 337–348.
  Summary

• Han, L., and N. Narendran. 2011. An accelerated test method for predicting the useful life of an LED driver. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 26(8): 2249–2257.

• Jayawardena, A., Y. Liu, and N. Narendran. 2011. Methods for estimating junction temperature of AC LEDs. Eleventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, San Diego, CA, August 22-25, 2011. Proceedings of SPIE 8123: 81230I.

• Narendran, N. 2011. Is solid-state lighting ready for the incandescent lamp phase-out? Eleventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, San Diego, CA, August 22-25, 2011. Proceedings of SPIE 8123: 812302.

• Taylor, J. 2011. Technology innovation and advance LEDs for airfield lighting. International Airport Review 15(6): 48–51.

  2010

• Freyssinier, J.P., and M. Rea. 2010. A two-metric proposal to specify the color-rendering properties of light sources for retail lighting.Tenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 1-5, 2010, San Diego, CA, Proceedings of SPIE 7784: 77840V.

• Liu, Y., A. Jayawardena, T.R. Klein, and N. Narendran. 2010. Estimating the junction temperature of AC LEDs.Tenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 1-5, 2010, San Diego, CA, Proceedings of SPIE 7784: 778409.

• Narendran, N., J.P. Freyssinier, J. Taylor, T. Dong, and R. Capó. 2010. Application efficacy for comparing energy demand in lighting applications. Tenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 1- 5, 2010, San Diego, CA, Proceedings of SPIE 7784: 77840L.

• Narendran, N. and R. Nissanka. 2010. A roadmap to sustainable lighting. Lighting India 5(6): 30-35.

• Rea, M.S. 2010. A practical and predictive two-metric system for characterizing the color rendering properties of light sources used for architectural applications.Proceedings of SPIE 7652: 765206.

• Rea, M.S., and J.P. Freyssinier. 2010. Color rendering: Beyond pride and prejudice.Color Research and Application 35(6): 401–409.

• Taylor, J. 2010. An application approach to achieving success with LEDs. Lighting India 5(2): 48-55.

• Taylor, J. 2010. Transforming airfield lighting: The research into LED technology.International Airport Review Issue 5: 56 –60.

• Zhu, Y., P. Dutta, and N. Narendran. 2010. Post-synthesis annealing effects on SrGa2Se4:Eu2+ phosphors with peak emission wavelength in the green gap.Tenth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 1-5, 2010, San Diego, CA, Proceedings of SPIE 7784: 77840P.

• Zhu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2010. Investigation of remote-phosphor white light-emitting diodes with multi-phosphor layers.Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 49: 100203.

  2009

• Dong, T., and N. Narendran. 2009. Understanding heat transfer mechanisms in recessed LED luminaires. Ninth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 3-5, 2009, San Diego, Proceedings of SPIE 7422: 74220V.

• Freyssinier, J.P., J. Taylor, D. Frering, and P. Rizzo. 2009. Considerations for successful LED applications. Proceedings of ChinaSSL2009, 6th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting, October 14-16, 2009, Shenzhen, China, pp. 206–209.

• Han, L., and N. Narendran. 2009. Developing an accelerated life test method for LED drivers. Ninth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, August 3-5, 2009, San Diego, Proceedings of SPIE 7422: 742209.

• Liu, Y., T.R. Klein, and N. Narendran. 2009. A measurement method for estimating the average junction temperature of AC LEDs.White LEDs 2009: The Second International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting, December 13-16, 2009, Taipei, Taiwan, WB2-3.

• Narendran, N., J.P. Freyssinier, Y. Zhou, and J. Taylor. 2009. ASSIST recommends: Striving for application-specific evaluation methods.Proceedings of the 2009 International SSL Standards & Measurements Workshop, 6th China International Forum on Solid State Lighting, October 14, 2009, Shenzhen, China,
  pp. 22–26.

• Taylor, J. 2009. LEDs are finding their niche. Lighting India 4(2): 54-63.

• Zhu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2009. Investigation of white LED performance with multi-layer phosphors.Compound Semiconductor Photonics: Materials, Devices and Integration, Proceedings of the International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies, Symposium O, Singapore, June 28–July 3, 2009, pp. 1–3.

  2008

• Narendran, N., J.P. Freyssinier, and J. Taylor. 2008. LED luminaire performance: changing traditions can set the right expectations.LEDs Magazine Vol. 5, Iss. 2: 33-39.

• Narendran, N., J. Taylor, J.P. Freyssinier, and L. Jayasinghe. 2008. Performance metric for lighting fixtures.Photonics Spectra 42(4): 56-60.

• Rea, M.S., and J.P. Freyssinier-Nova. 2008. Color rendering: A tale of two metrics.Color Research and Application 33(3): 192 –202.

• Zhu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2008. Optimizing the performance of remote phosphor LEDs. Journal of Light and Visual Environment 32(2): 115-119.

  2007

• Bullough, J.D., Z. Yuan, and M.S. Rea. 2007. Perceived brightness of incandescent and LED aviation signal lights. Aviat. Space Environ Med. 78(9): 893-900.

• Gu, Y., A. Baker, and N. Narendran. 2007. Investigation of thermal management technique in blue LED airport taxiway fixtures. Seventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6669: 66690U.

• Jayasinghe, L., T. Dong, and N. Narendran. 2007. Is the thermal resistance coefficient of high-power LEDs constant?Seventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6669: 666911.

• Narendran, N., Y. Gu, L. Jayasinghe, J.P. Freyssinier, and Y. Zhu. 2007. Long-term performance of white LEDs and systems.Proceeding of First International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting, Tokyo, Japan, November 26-30, 2007, P174–P179.
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• Taylor, J. 2007. LRC group advises on under-cabinet and directional lighting. LEDs Magazine 14 (May/June): 15-16.

• Wu, H., N. Narendran, Y. Gu, and A. Bierman. 2007. Improving the performance of mixed-color white LED systems by using scattered photon extraction technique. Seventh International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6669: 666905.

• Zhu, Y. and N. Narendran. 2007. Optimizing the performance of remote phosphor LED.Proceeding of First International Conference on White LEDs and Solid State Lighting, Tokyo, Japan, November 26-30, 2007, P411–P414.

  2006

• Freyssinier, J.P., D. Frering, J. Taylor, N. Narendran, and P. Rizzo. 2006. Reducing lighting energy use in retail display windows.Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337: 63371L.

• Freyssinier, J.P., N. Narendran, and J.D. Bullough. 2006. Luminance requirements for lighted signage.Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337: 63371M.

• Gu, Y., N. Narendran, T. Dong, and H. Wu. 2006. Spectral and luminous efficacy change of high-power LEDs under different dimming methods.Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337: 63370J.

• Jayasinghe, L., Y. Gu, and N. Narendran. 2006. Characterization of thermal resistance coefficient of high-power LEDs.Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337: 63370V.

• Narendran, N. 2006. Phosphor placement in white LED packages.Photonics Spectra July: 58-62.

• Narendran, N. 2006. Field Test DELTA Snapshots: LED Lighting In Freezer Cases. Troy, N.Y.: Lighting Research Center.

• Zhu, Y., N. Narendran, and Y. Gu. 2006. Investigation of the optical properties of YAG:Ce phosphor.Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337: 63370S.

  2005

• Dyble, M., N. Narendran, A. Bierman, and T. Klein. 2005. Impact of dimming white LEDs: Chromaticity shifts due to different dimming methods. Fifth International Conference on Solid State Lighting,Proceedings of SPIE 5941: 291-299.

• Narendran, N. 2005. Improved performance white LED. Fifth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5941: 45-50.

• Narendran, N. 2005. The solid-state lighting revolution.Physics World 18(7): 25-29.

• Narendran, N. and Y. Gu. 2005. Life of LED-based white light sources.IEEE/OSA Journal of Display Technology 1(1): 167-171.

• Narendran, N., Y. Gu, J.P. Freyssinier-Nova, and Y. Zhu. 2005. Extracting phosphor-scattered photons to improve white LED efficiency.phys. stat. sol. (a) 202 (6): R60-R62.

• Narendran, N., and J. Taylor. 2005. Standards are the future.Architectural Lighting, May/June, 23-24.

• Taylor, J. 2005. Advanced lighting technologies enhance resident care.Nursing Homes, September: 36-40.

• Taylor, J. 2005. Industry alliance proposes standard definition for LED life.LEDs Magazine, April: 9-11.

• Taylor, J. 2005. New lighting solutions save energy in retail windows.Energy User News 30(4): 25.

• Zhou, Y., and N. Narendran. 2005. Photovoltaic-powered light-emitting diode lighting systems. Optical Engineering 44(11): 111311.
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  2004

• Freyssinier, J.P., Y. Zhou, V. Ramamurthy, A. Bierman, J.D. Bullough, and N. Narendran. 2004. Evaluation of light-emitting diodes for signage applications. Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 309-317.

• Gu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2004. A non-contact method for determining junction temperature of phosphor-converted white LEDs.Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 107-114.

• Gu, Y., and N. Narendran. 2004. Design and evaluation of an LED-based light fixture.Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 318-329.

• Gu, Y., N. Narendran, and J.P. Freyssinier. 2004. White LED performance.Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting,Proceedings of SPIE 5530, eds. I.T. Ferguson, N. Narendran, S.P. DenBaars, J.C. Carrano, 119-124. Bellingham, WA: International Society of Optical Engineers.
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• Hong, E., and N. Narendran. 2004. A method for projecting useful life of LED lighting systems.Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 93-99.

• Narendran, N., contributor. 2004. “Roundtable: Follow the LEDer.” Lighting Design & Application, June 2004, 49-54.

• Narendran, N., L. Deng, R.M. Pysar, Y. Gu, and H. Yu. 2004. Performance characteristics of high-power light-emitting diodes. Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 267-275.

• Narendran, N., Y. Gu, J.P. Freyssinier, H. Yu, and L. Deng. 2004. Solid-state lighting: Failure analysis of white LEDs.Journal of Crystal Growth 268 (3-4): 449-456.

• Narendran, N., Y. Gu, and R. Hosseinzadeh. 2004. Estimating junction temperature of high-flux white LEDs. In Light-emitting diodes: Research, manufacturing, and applications VIII, Proceedings ofSPIE 5366, eds. S.A. Stockman, H.W. Yao, E.F. Schubert, 158-160. Bellingham, WA: International Society of Optical Engineers.

• Ramamurthy, V., N. Narendran, J.P. Freyssinier, R. Raghavan, and P. Boyce. 2004. Determining contrast sensitivity functions for monochromatic light emitted by high-brightness LEDs.Third International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5187: 294-300.
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• Taylor, J. 2004. LEDs: A new option for PAX reading lights? Aircraft Interiors, May/June: 10, 27.

• Taylor, J. 2004. Lighting Research Center applies research, demonstrations, and education to advance LED technology.LEDs Magazine.

• Taylor, J. 2004. Moving LEDs into the mainstream: ASSIST develops research, education, and industry ties.LEDs Magazine.

• Zhou, Y., and N. Narendran. 2004. Performance of PV-powered LED lighting systems for buildings.Fourth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 5530, eds. I.T. Ferguson, N. Narendran, S.P. DenBaars, J.C. Carrano, 296-307. Bellingham, WA: International Society of Optical Engineers.

  2003

• Bullough, J.D. 2003. Lighting answers: LED lighting systems. Troy, N.Y.: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
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• Narendran, N., and R. Steele. 2003. They’re small, they’re cute, but can they do tricks?Lighting Design and Application 33 (4): 54-55.

• Simeonova, M., N. Narendran, and P. Boyce. 2003. Application of colored LEDs for retail display windows. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 32 (1): 52-62.

• Taylor, J. 2003. Non-intrusive techniques help to predict the lifetime of LED lighting systems. Compound Semiconductor, October: 27-30.

  2002

• Narendran, N., and L. Deng. 2002a. Color rendering properties of LED light sources. Solid State Lighting II: Proceedings of SPIE 4776: 61-67.

• Narendran, N., and L. Deng. 2002b. Performance characteristics of light-emitting diodes.IESNA Annual Conference Technical Papers, 157-164. New York, NY: Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.

• Narendran, N., and R. Raghavan. 2002. Solid-state lighting for refrigerated display cases. International Conference for New Technologies in Commercial Refrigeration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, July 22-23, 2002, pp. 64–69.

• Narendran, N., and K. Toomey. 2002. LED package designs tackle lumen depreciation issues. Compound Semiconductor, January: 45-46.

• Raghavan, R., and N. Narendran. 2002. Refrigerated display case lighting with LEDs.Solid State Lighting II: Proceedings of SPIE 4776: 74-81.

• Rizzo, P., A. Bierman, and M.S. Rea. 2002. Color and brightness discrimination of white LEDs.Solid State Lighting II: Proceedings of SPIE 4776: 235-246.

• Shakir, I., and N. Narendran. 2002. Evaluating white LEDs for outdoor lighting applications.Solid State Lighting II: Proceedings of SPIE 4776: 162-70.

• Simeonova, M., N. Narendran, and P. Boyce. 2002. Colored light application in a retail display window. IESNA Conference Proceedings 2002, Paper #27.

• Van Derlofske, J.F., and M. McColgan. 2002. White LED sources for vehicle forward lighting.Solid State Lighting II: Proceedings of SPIE 4776: 195-205.

  2001

• Narendran, N. 2001. Emerging solid state. Canadian Consulting Engineer March/April 2001: 55-56.

• Narendran, N., and J.D. Bullough. 2001. Light-emitting diodes as light sources. Light Sources: The 9th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources, 329-336.

• Narendran, N., J. Bullough, N. Maliyagoda, and A. Bierman. 2001. What is useful life for white light LEDs? Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 30 (1): 57-67.

• Narendran, N., N. Maliyagoda, L. Deng, and R. Pysar. 2001. Characterizing LEDs for general illumination applications: Mixed-color and phosphor-based white sources. Proceedings of SPIE 4445: 137-147.

• Van Derlofske, J. 2001. Computer modeling of LED light pipe systems for uniform display illumination. Proceedings of SPIE 4445: 119-129.

  2000

• Narendran, N., N. Maliyagoda, A. Bierman, R. Pysar, and M. Overington. 2000. Characterizing white LEDs for general illumination applications.Proceedings of SPIE 3938: 240-248.

• Narendran, N. S. Vasconez, P.R. Boyce and N.H. Eklund. 2000. Just perceivable color differences between similar light sources in display lighting applications.Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society 29(2): 68.

  1999

• Bierman, A. 1999. LEDs need a new metric. IAEEL Newsletter 23(8): 6.

• Bierman, A., and K. Daly. 1999. Energy efficiency and LEDs. IAEEL Newsletter 23 (8): 4-6.

  1998

• Bierman, A. 1998. LEDs: From indicators to illumination? Lighting Futures 3 (4).