Optimizing the Design and Use of Light-Emitting Diodes for Visually Critical Applications in Transportation and Architecture: Research Issues and Options

John Bullough, Kun Michelle Huang and Kathryn Conway

Acknowledgements

Optimizing the Design and Use of Light-Emitting Diodes for Visually Critical Applications in Transportation and Architecture: Research Issues and Options was jointly developed as part of a market transformation activity conducted by the Lighting Research Center of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and the Customer Energy Management Department at Pacific Gas and Electric Company.

John Bullough, Kun Michelle Huang and Kathryn Conway authored this document, and Robert Wolsey created this electronic presentation. Support for continuing LRC research on LEDs in traffic signals and new applications is being provided by LumiLeds Lighting. LumiLeds Lighting is a joint venture between Philips Lighting and Agilent Technologies, a startup resulting from the strategic realignment of Hewlett Packard.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION
2. TRAFFIC SIGNALS
3. CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS
4. ENERGY
5. COST
6. VISIBILITY
7. OPERATION: POWER AND ENVIRONMENT
8. MARKET ISSUES: SUPPLY AND DEMAND
9. OTHER APPLICATIONS
10. PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
11. REFERENCES